Interest in orthodontic and cosmetic dental treatments has grown significantly in recent years, particularly among individuals looking to improve the appearance of their smile. One of the most commonly reported concerns in orthodontic practice is spacing between teeth, especially midline diastema. Research indicates that midline diastema or tooth spacing is among the most frequent complaints raised by patients or parents, and is a key reason many people seek orthodontic treatment.1
Dental alignment issues such as malocclusion are relatively common and may contribute to the development of gaps between teeth. These conditions can involve misaligned teeth, improper bite relationships, or spacing irregularities, all of which may affect both aesthetics and oral function.
While treatment is often optional and driven by aesthetic preferences, any underlying dental conditions such as gum disease should be addressed first. Once the underlying issue has been treated, cosmetic correction may or may not be necessary depending on the individual case.
In this article, we’ll cover what diastema is, its common causes and types, signs to look out for, and the range of treatment options available to help manage or close tooth gaps.
What Is Diastema?
Gaps between teeth, known as diastema, are a common condition that can occur anywhere in the mouth. While they are most noticeable between the upper front teeth, often referred to as a midline diastema, spacing can also appear in other areas and may involve a single gap or multiple spaces.
In most cases, a diastema is not a serious medical concern. That said, gaps between teeth can sometimes increase the risk of minor issues, such as chipping and plaque build-up. Larger spaces, especially between the back teeth, may also affect chewing.
Many patients choose to address a diastema for cosmetic reasons. Visible gaps can make the smile appear uneven, and for some individuals, this may affect self-confidence.
What Are The Causes Of Diastema?
A diastema can result from natural development, genetics, or external factors affecting tooth position and gum health. The condition may be temporary in children but can persist into adulthood depending on the underlying cause.
Several contributing factors include:
A mismatch between tooth size and jawbone size, including naturally small or undersized teeth, can create extra space, leading to gaps.
Teeth that are smaller in proportion to the jaw can create excess space, resulting in visible gaps.
This is often seen in the upper lateral incisors (the teeth next to the front teeth), where reduced tooth width leaves space between adjacent teeth.
Conditions such as hypodontia (congenitally missing teeth), tooth extractions, or dental trauma can leave spaces in the mouth.
When a tooth is absent, neighbouring teeth may shift or drift, leading to gaps.
An enlarged or low-attaching labial frenum (the tissue connecting the upper lip to the gums) can prevent the front teeth from coming together.
This may result in a persistent gap, particularly between the upper front teeth.
The position of the tongue at rest or during swallowing can influence tooth alignment.
If the tongue consistently presses against the teeth, it may gradually push them apart over time.
Habits such as thumb sucking or prolonged pacifier use can exert pressure on the teeth.
Over time, this may affect alignment and contribute to the development of gaps.
Gum disease (periodontal disease) can damage the supporting structures around the teeth.
As the gums and bone weaken, teeth may loosen or shift, leading to spacing.
Inherited traits related to jaw size, tooth size, and alignment can increase the likelihood of developing diastema.
These factors may influence how teeth are spaced and positioned within the mouth.
What Are The Types Of Diastema?
Diastema can occur between any teeth in your mouth. The most common types include midline and mandibular diastema.
Midline Diastema
A midline (or median) diastema refers to a gap between the 2 upper front teeth.
It is relatively common in children and may close naturally as permanent teeth erupt. In adults, however, the gap is more likely to remain unless treated.
Mandibular Diastema
Mandibular diastema refers to a gap between any of the lower teeth.
Compared to midline diastema, gaps in the lower teeth are generally less noticeable.
What Are The Symptoms of Diastema?
In many cases, diastema may not present with additional symptoms, especially if the teeth and gums are healthy. However, when associated with underlying conditions like gum disease, other signs may be observed:
- Loose teeth
- Tooth pain
- Discomfort
- Inflamed gums (red, swollen, tender)
- Receding gums
- Bleeding gums
- Bad breath
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s advisable to consult a dentist for a proper assessment.
Treatment Options for Diastema
If you are considering closing a gap between your teeth, there are several treatment options available. The right approach depends on the size and location of the gap, the underlying cause, and your personal preferences.
Below is an overview of commonly recommended treatments:
Braces are fixed orthodontic appliances used to correct various tooth alignment issues, including diastema. There are different types of braces available, including traditional braces and self-ligating braces (such as Damon braces). Both options can be fitted with metal or ceramic brackets, depending on aesthetic preferences and suitability.
For small gaps, treatment may take around 6 months, but for more noticeable diastema, the average treatment duration is about 12 to 24 months.
Cost: $4,033 – $6,758 (inclusive of GST)
For a more discreet option, Invisalign uses a series of clear, removable aligners to gradually reposition teeth. As the aligners are nearly invisible, they appeal to those who prefer a less noticeable treatment. They are generally comfortable to wear and require fewer clinic visits, with check-ins typically every 6 to 8 weeks.
Cost: $4,360 – $9,265 (inclusive of GST)
If the gap is small, teeth bonding offers a quick and minimally invasive option. In this procedure, a tooth-coloured composite resin is applied, shaped, and polished to blend seamlessly with surrounding teeth.
The treatment is typically completed in a single visit and is often one of the more cost-effective ways to fill a diastema. However, the material may gradually chip or discolour over time. On average, it can last between 1 to 8 years, after which maintenance or replacement may be required.
Cost: $163.50 – $327 per tooth (inclusive of GST)
Veneers are thin covers made from composite or porcelain materials. They’re attached to your teeth and are a quick way to improve the appearance of your smile. With proper care and maintenance, porcelain veneers can last for 10 to 15 years.
If your tooth is too small or is damaged due to tooth decay, your dentist may recommend a dental crown instead.
Cost: $272.50 – $1,962 per tooth (inclusive of GST)
Dental crowns are custom-made caps placed over teeth to restore their shape, size, and overall appearance. In some cases, they can also be used to improve spacing by adjusting the width of the tooth and reducing visible gaps.
Crowns may be fabricated from materials such as resin, porcelain, ceramic and metal. With proper care, they can last up to 15 years.
Cost: $763 – $1,417 (inclusive of GST), depending on the condition of the tooth
In cases where a gap is due to a missing tooth or hypodontia, dental implants provide a long-term replacement option. A titanium post is placed in the jawbone to act as an artificial root, followed by a crown that restores both function and appearance. This solution is designed to feel and function similarly to natural teeth.
Dental implants can be claimed under MediSave for up to $1,250 per tooth, depending on the complexity of the procedure.
Cost: $3,815 – $7,085 per tooth, including crown (inclusive of GST)
When gum disease is the underlying cause, treating the condition is a necessary first step. Gum disease treatment may include medication, scaling and polishing, or root planing to remove plaque and bacteria beneath the gums. Although these treatments do not close the gap, they help prevent it from worsening and support overall oral health.
Cost of scaling and polishing: $65.40 – $163.50 (inclusive of GST)
Cost of root planing: $98.10 – $708.50 (inclusive of GST)
In some cases, a gap between the front teeth may be caused by an enlarged labial frenum, which is the tissue connecting the upper lip to the gums. A frenectomy is a minor surgical procedure performed to release or remove this excess tissue.
Depending on the case, additional treatments such as braces or bonding may still be required to close the gap.
Cost: $708.50 – $981 (inclusive of GST)
Claimable under MediSave
Unsure which treatment suits your needs? Schedule an appointment with a dental professional to explore your options and receive a personalised plan tailored to your smile.
References:
1. Nerurkar, S., et al. "Multidisciplinary Approach to Treatment of Midline Diastema With Edge-to-Edge Bite." Cureus, Vol. 14, No. 10, Oct. 2022, p. e30400. [PubMed: 36407220]
FAQs About Diastema
Prevention depends on the underlying cause and is not always possible. However, the following habits may help reduce the risk of gaps forming or worsening:
- Brushing your teeth regularly (at least twice daily)
- Flossing teeth daily to maintain gum health
- Avoiding thumb sucking, lip sucking, and tongue thrusting
- Practising proper swallowing habits
- Visiting your dentist regularly for check-ups and professional cleaning
Think you may have a diastema? A dental assessment can help identify the cause of the gap and the most suitable way to manage it. Book a visit to explore your options and get a personalised treatment plan tailored to your smile.
Diastema does not always require treatment and can be left as it is, depending on its cause and your personal preference. However, your dentist may recommend closing the gap if it is linked to gum disease, affects your ability to maintain oral hygiene, or interferes with speech. For purely aesthetic concerns, the decision to treat is optional.
Gaps between teeth may close naturally in children as their permanent teeth erupt and the jaw continues to develop.
In adolescents and adults, however, these gaps are less likely to close without treatment. If they are related to factors such as tooth size differences, missing teeth, or an enlarged frenum, treatment may be needed.
No, a diastema is not considered a deformity. It is a common dental condition that can arise from factors such as genetics, oral habits, gum health, or differences in tooth and jaw size.
In some cases, yes. Traits like tooth size and jaw structure are inherited, and having relatively smaller teeth compared to the jaw can lead to gaps between teeth.
Yes, gaps between teeth can become more noticeable over time as teeth naturally shift. This is more likely in younger individuals whose jaws are still developing. Regular dental check-ups can help detect early changes and address gaps before they become more pronounced.
